PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SURFACE WATERS OF THE EL CERCADO DAM IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF SAN JUAN DEL CESAR LA GUAJIRA.

Abstract

In general terms, the construction and operation of dams in the department generate a series of negative consequences, such as ecosystem alterations, including water degradation. There is also a disruption of natural cycles. Similarly, there are impacts on the population and socio-political tensions, where conflicts of interest take precedence over the well-being of citizens. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological quality of the surface waters of the El Cercado dam in the municipality of San Juan del Cesar, La Guajira. The research methodology employed was non-experimental, with a field design. The study sample consisted of 85 families, 60 from the Caracolí district and the remaining 25 from the Chorreras district, representing diverse educational levels and socioeconomic strata. The techniques and instruments used were a semi-structured questionnaire and direct observation. Temperature, electrical conductivity, total solids, pH, sulfates, nitrites, nitrates, total coliforms, and fecal coliforms were determined. It was found that the water quality variables differed only in the microbiological tests, with high levels of microbial contamination found at all three sampling points. All the sampled sites, such as Marmolejo Well, El Guásimo Well, and Chorreras, showed microbial contamination. Therefore, the water is a source of contamination that can cause various illnesses in people who consume it without treatment. The results showed that the water did not meet the established parameters.